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- '\" Copyright 1989 Regents of the University of California
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- '\" $Header: /user6/ouster/tcl/man/RCS/Interp.man,v 1.7 91/12/06 10:35:00 ouster Exp $ SPRITE (Berkeley)
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- .HS Tcl_Interp tcl
- .BS
- .SH NAME
- Tcl_Interp \- client-visible fields of interpreter structures
- .SH SYNOPSIS
- .nf
- \fB#include <tcl.h>\fR
- .sp
- typedef struct {
- char *\fIresult\fR;
- .VS
- Tcl_FreeProc *\fIfreeProc\fR;
- .VE
- int \fIerrorLine\fR;
- } Tcl_Interp;
-
- .VS
- typedef void Tcl_FreeProc(char *\fIblockPtr\fR);
- .VE
- .BE
-
- .SH DESCRIPTION
- .PP
- The \fBTcl_CreateInterp\fR procedure returns a pointer to a Tcl_Interp
- structure. This pointer is then passed into other Tcl procedures
- to process commands in the interpreter and perform other operations
- on the interpreter. Interpreter structures contain many many fields
- that are used by Tcl, but only three that may be accessed by
- .VS
- clients: \fIresult\fR, \fIfreeProc\fR, and \fIerrorLine\fR.
- .PP
- The \fIresult\fR and \fIfreeProc\fR fields are used to return
- results or error messages from commands.
- This information is returned by command procedures back to \fBTcl_Eval\fR,
- and by \fBTcl_Eval\fR back to its callers.
- The \fIresult\fR field points to the string that represents the
- result or error message, and the \fIfreeProc\fR field tells how
- to dispose of the storage for the string when it isn't needed anymore.
- The easiest way for command procedures to manipulate these
- fields is to call procedures like \fBTcl_SetResult\fR
- or \fBTcl_AppendResult\fR; they
- will hide all the details of managing the fields.
- The description below is for those procedures that manipulate the
- fields directly.
- .PP
- Whenever a command procedure returns, it must ensure
- that the \fIresult\fR field of its interpreter points to the string
- being returned by the command.
- The \fIresult\fR field must always point to a valid string.
- If a command wishes to return no result then \fIinterp->result\fR
- should point to an empty string.
- Normally, results are assumed to be statically allocated,
- which means that the contents will not change before the next time
- \fBTcl_Eval\fR is called or some other command procedure is invoked.
- In this case, the \fIfreeProc\fR field must be zero.
- Alternatively, a command procedure may dynamically
- allocate its return value (e.g. using \fBmalloc\fR)
- and store a pointer to it in \fIinterp->result\fR.
- In this case, the command procedure must also set \fIinterp->freeProc\fR
- to the address of a procedure that can free the value (usually \fBfree\fR).
- If \fIinterp->freeProc\fR is non-zero, then Tcl will call \fIfreeProc\fR
- to free the space pointed to by \fIinterp->result\fR before it
- invokes the next command.
- If a client procedure overwrites \fIinterp->result\fR when
- \fIinterp->freeProc\fR is non-zero, then it is responsible for calling
- \fIfreeProc\fR to free the old \fIinterp->result\fR (the \fBTcl_FreeResult\fR
- macro should be used for this purpose).
- .PP
- \fIFreeProc\fR should have arguments and result that match the
- \fBTcl_FreeProc\fR declaration above: it receives a single
- argument which is a pointer to the result value to free.
- In most applications \fBfree\fR is the only non-zero value ever
- used for \fIfreeProc\fR.
- However, an application may store a different procedure address
- in \fIfreeProc\fR in order to use an alternate memory allocator
- or in order to do other cleanup when the result memory is freed.
- .PP
- As part of processing each command, \fBTcl_Eval\fR initializes
- \fIinterp->result\fR
- and \fIinterp->freeProc\fR just before calling the command procedure for
- the command. The \fIfreeProc\fR field will be initialized to zero,
- and \fIinterp->result\fR will point to an empty string. Commands that
- do not return any value can simply leave the fields alone.
- .VE
- Furthermore, the empty string pointed to by \fIresult\fR is actually
- part of an array of \fBTCL_RESULT_SIZE\fR characters (approximately 200).
- If a command wishes to return a short string, it can simply copy
- it to the area pointed to by \fIinterp->result\fR. Or, it can use
- the sprintf procedure to generate a short result string at the location
- pointed to by \fIinterp->result\fR.
- .PP
- It is a general convention in Tcl-based applications that the result
- of an interpreter is normally in the initialized state described
- in the previous paragraph.
- Procedures that manipulate an interpreter's result (e.g. by
- returning an error) will generally assume that the result
- has been initialized when the procedure is called.
- If such a procedure is to be called after the result has been
- changed, then \fBTcl_ResetResult\fR should be called first to
- reset the result to its initialized state.
- .PP
- The \fIerrorLine\fR
- field is valid only after \fBTcl_Eval\fR returns
- a \fBTCL_ERROR\fR return code. In this situation the \fIerrorLine\fR
- field identifies the line number of the command being executed when
- the error occurred. The line numbers are relative to the command
- being executed: 1 means the first line of the command passed to
- \fBTcl_Eval\fR, 2 means the second line, and so on.
- The \fIerrorLine\fR field is typically used in conjunction with
- \fBTcl_AddErrorInfo\fR to report information about where an error
- occurred.
- \fIErrorLine\fR should not normally be modified except by \fBTcl_Eval\fR.
-
- .SH KEYWORDS
- free, initialized, interpreter, malloc, result
-